Whats+the+Matter



= Science Year 7 =

Whats the Matter
Use Keynote for your notes on this topic... there will be lots of drawing... and Keynote is great for drawing diagrams :-)

The particle theory....
It all about atoms! Atoms are cool! media type="custom" key="6284771"


 * 1) Everything is made of particles... Copy out the five rules of the particle theory
 * 2) Discuss
 * The ancient Greeks were great philosophers and thinkers. They believed that everything was made up of different amounts of the four key elements. People still talk about these today, when talk about someone's character.
 * 1) Fire
 * 2) Earth
 * 3) Water
 * 4) Air
 * Many indigenous peoples believed that matter and the spirit were conserved, that they were passed on from generation to generation, often in different forms. An important lesson from this is to respect our Earth and each other.
 * [[image:Misty_Sky_Dreaming_Indigenous_Art.jpg width="284" height="325"]] [[image:generations_dixonsWeb.jpg width="227" height="337"]] [[image:universe.jpg width="295" height="306"]]
 * Who was right? They all were. Our scientific instruments allow us to understand ever smaller and smaller particles. We now have a scientific understanding of what our forebearers knew. The atoms inside you are INCREDIBLY OLD! In fact, some of them are as old as the universe! OMG.
 * Atoms make up every living and non-living thing.
 * In pure form they are called ELEMENTS


 * What pure elements do you know?
 * Talk to the person next to you.
 * Write down as many as you can.
 * Try and find some pictures to match each element.


 * The Ancient Greeks came up with the word ATOM. It means indivisible. The atom is the basis of the particle theory... but in fact it goes far further than that... and is a whole exciting area of Science in itself.


 * Research the name and story of the person who came up with the particle theory.
 * Organise your information into 5 dot points, with a sentence in each.
 * Find a picture of this scientist.
 * Add a picture of an atom
 * What atom is it?


 * Most things are made up of a combination of atoms, but everything can be broken down into their separate atoms. It is quite normal. It happens every time a person dies and every time a person is born. When you bake, or cook food, when we drive in our cars... in fact everything we do uses the properties of atoms. There is a lot of energy in there... and they can change state!

States of Matter...
media type="youtube" key="9xDNJSMikBo?version=3" height="480" width="640"

SCIENCE FACTS - these are a must know
 * There are 3 states of matter. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS and GASES.
 * Elements can exist in each... though at room temperature they prefer to be in one or the other... they have to be encouraged to change state... How? By adding ENERGY!
 * Water (H 2 O) exists as a solid,(ice), liquid (water) and a gas (steam).
 * In each state the atoms are arranged differently
 * In SOLIDS the atoms are held tightly in place by strong glue-like bonds. At the most all they can do is vibrate.
 * In LIQUIDS the forces that hold the atoms together are not as strong. They can move over one another. Liquids can change shape because of this.
 * In GASES the atoms are free to move where they want. they have lots of energy and can fill any space quickly.


 * Draw the diagrams showing changes of state in water molecules from page 49 of your text book using KeyNote.
 * Notice the differences between each state of matter.
 * HW: find a Youtube Video or images about atoms. Share this with your teacher and the class.

media type="youtube" key="V9WYweBA6vA?version=3" height="432" width="766"

Experiment
Draw up the following table in your notes, then once you have shown your work to your teacher you can perform the experiment. [|Link to text] **But wait... there's more...** Try this... but on one condition... you have to try and explain what happened :)

Include a short film of your explanation in your notes (Use Photobooth - its easy). See if your explanation matches that of the [|Science Wizards] If you agree with their explanation, write it down :) Sharing and discussing ideas is good science.

Experiment
Quandary - can you explain what is happening in these experiments? quandary |ˈkwänd(ə)rē| noun ( pl. -ries ) a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation : Kate is in a quandary. • a difficult situation; a practical dilemma : a scientific quandary.




 * ~ SOLIDS ||~ LIQUIDS ||~ GASES ||
 * definite shape || changeable shape || no definite shape

(fills up available space) ||
 * definite mass

(mass = weight of atoms and molecules) || definite mass || definite mass ||

All atoms and molecules have a definite mass. Molecules are made up of different atoms held together by chemical bonds. Atoms that have more particles in them (neutrons, protons and electrons) are heavier than other atoms that have less particles in them.

Research Question:
Can you find out what is the lightest atom? What is the heaviest atom?

Experiment :
This prac may be best done working in groups and stations, with questions discussed by the whole group and completed before moving onto the next station.

Can you weigh air?

 * using a beam balance, a balloon and a piece of sticky tape.
 * explain your result
 * discuss what it means

When an ice block melts in a beaker of water, will the level rise?

 * add an ice block to a beaker of water
 * add more water till the level is exactly at one of the measuring lines.
 * watch as your ice melts
 * did the level rise, fall, or not change at all?
 * discuss what your observation means.

Place an ice block into a beaker of water and another into a beaker of ethanol.

 * do they float or sink.
 * why?
 * why does ice float?
 * what does your answer suggest about the density of atoms in each substance?

Experiment
At what temperature does ice melt and liquid water begin to change to gas... and how is this related to the particle theory? __Template__: Complete the experiment, recording your data and answers in the template above. Submit your work to your teacher for grading. Some great student work:

Animation
**Crossword** ** Copy the below image into keynote and then fill in the blanks using text boxes **
 * 1) Make a KeyNote animation of solids liquids and gases.
 * 2) Add these animations to your notes on Changing States.
 * example: [[file:whats the matter with matter.key]]

Worksheet
Complete this worksheet on definitions of states of matter and include in your KeyNote on this topic.

Over to you - Question 1
Copy and paste this into your keynote and fill in the blanks.


 * 1) When sugar is stirred in water, it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . This shows that sugar is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in water.
 * 2) In a cup of coffee, the coffee is the _ _ _ _ _ _ and the water is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
 * 3) Chalk is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in water.
 * 4) Salty water is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ but muddy water is not.
 * 5) The solute in a solution doesn't settle out, but the solid in a does, forming a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
 * 6) A solution containing only a small amount of solute is said to be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . One with a lot more solute dissolved is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
 * 7) Many substances take the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ form of in their solid form.
 * 8) When particles spread out in a liquid or in the air so their concentration is even this is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

**Crystals**
 * If you look at sugar or salt through a microscope, you will see tiny cubes with very flat surfaces and straight edges. These are called **crystals** and are the structure which many substances take in their solid form.
 * Crystals can be all different shapes and sizes. They form because, in the solid state, particles like to be close to each other.
 * You can imagine the crystals as stacks of oranges. Particles pack in a very similar way to oranges at the supermarket.

In the next practical investigation, you will be growing crystals. Please download the file below to get the practical template which you can put your own data into. media type="custom" key="6607829"