Heart+and+Lungs

Heart and Lungs

Here's some helpful websites: www.heartfoundation.org.au www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au

The heart has said to be many things. In biological terms it is a pump. The heart has a series of muscles and valves which send blood around the body, providing cells with oxygen and nutrients, then removing carbon dioxide and waste. Most people know this, but blood does much more, it helps the body repair injury and fight disease, it carries hormones which affect our growth, reactions and sensitivity. It is time we learnt a bit more and how to look after it properly.

Lesson 1:
Learn how to take your pulse. Take your pulse. Work out how many times your heart beats in 1 min. Write this down. Your teacher will record the results for the class on the board as a series of numbers. Look at the range of heart beat rates for the class.
 * How many times does your heart beat in 1 min?
 * What is the range of heart beat rates for the class?
 * Use the internet to find out what is "normal" for a 14 year old.
 * Discuss

Use a toilet paper roll to listen to the heart of a friend.
 * Describe three things that you can hear when you listen to your friend's heart.

Using information from ' page 85 of the text book' and [|Webmed] take notes on:
 * What a heart attack is:
 * What a stroke is:

__Task__: Write a letter to yourself in 40 years time which explains about what Cardiovascular disease is and how you can avoid it.

Clickview (Heart)

Lesson 2: What's in blood
[|How blood works] (How Stuff Works) [|Blood (Kidshealth Body Basics)]

__Tasks__: >> SMS friends and / or family and ask what blood type they are. >> There could be a prize for the person who gets the most responses. >> Tally the results from the class on the board. >> Does the data you have collected reflect the spread of blood types in Australia? [|Blood Types | Australian Red Cross] >> >> Find out what blood type you are from your parents. >> If you have ever had a blood test your parents may well have records of your blood type at home. >> According to Japanese culture what personality do you have? (See the poster below). >> What percentage of the population have your blood type?
 * Write down the 3 most interesting/relevant facts you can find on this page: [|56 Facts about blood]
 * //Blood type//:
 * **Mobile phone quiz**:
 * **Personality**:



__Tasks__: > Copy a picture of the different parts of blood into your notes and explain what they do. > Why do people have different blood types? > Complete this for HW if you do not manage to finish it in class.
 * Find out about the different components of the blood and what their role is in the human body.
 * Relate what you have found out back to blood type.
 * Make a mind map of what you have learnt today and then write this information as a brochure using one of the templates in Pages.

Lesson 3: Blood Pressure
media type="youtube" key="BpLXnWZQoWs" height="345" width="560"

__Class competition__: Working in groups of 3 - 4 you have a set time to complete each of these tasks. When the teacher says stop you must stop or your group will lose points. > After 3 min close you laptops. > Each person should aim to remember at least one fact. > You have 2 min to write down as many facts as you can remember. > After 2 min the teacher will tell yo to stop and will collect the paper.
 * 1) Find out as many facts as you can in 3 min about Blood Pressure.
 * 1) Your teacher will now hand you a piece of blank paper.
 * 1) Your teacher will record the number of facts you have found on the board and identify the winning group.

Your teacher will write up the different facts that students have found on the board.
 * Copy the facts the class has found as a concept map in your notes
 * Ensure you understand what 'blood pressure', 'systolic pressure' and 'diastolic pressure' mean, what a healthy blood pressure is and what can affect blood pressure.

Research 5 foods which encourage a healthy blood pressure and explain why they are good for the heart.
 * Write your answers in a table.
 * This link may help: [|Webmed]

Lesson 4: The heart and dissection
Read 85-88 answer OTY questions p89... in groups of 2.. write answers on the board... each student is to then copy answers from board p95 The heart - read and identify 3 key points Make a flow chart showing the pathway of blood through the body -MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE PRAC media type="youtube" key="_h-G-byMl0o" height="345" width="420"

http://www.hometrainingtools.com/heart-dissection-project/a/1318/


 * How much have you understood?**

Try and answer the following questions. Are they True or False? 1. The blood moves food and oxygen around the body. TRUE / FALSE 2. Arteries carry food away from the heart to the body cells. TRUE / FALSE 3. Veins carry blood from the cells back to the heart. TRUE / FALSE 4. Capillaries allow food and gases to move in and out of the blood. TRUE / FALSE 5. Why are the walls of the ventricles of the heart thicker than those of the atria? 6. Compare the composition of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in terms of their relative oxygen and carbon dioxide contents. 7. Identify the function played by each of following structures. a. valve-

Identify each of the following statements as being more closely associated with either arteries (A), veins (V), or capillaries (C). Place an A,V, or C in the blank before each statement as is appropriate. _ 1. Usually carry the most deoxygenated blood. _ 2. The most muscular blood vessels. _ 3. These blood vessels carry blood from the heart. _ 4. These vessels return blood to the heart. _ 5. Contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. _ 6. Microscopic blood vessels. _ 7. Exchange of materials occurs from these vessels. _ 8. Vessels in which the pulse is felt. _ 9. Usually carry the most oxygenated blood.

The Heart




[|Map of the human heart](NOVA interactive) [|Heart Anatomy Self-Test]

Save this diagram to your notes, then colour and label the parts

The Pathway of Blood through the Body
The human heart is comprised of four chambers: the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The atria are the upper chambers and receive blood that is being returned to the heart. The right atrium receives blood that has circulated throughout the body delivering oxygen and nutrients, and the left atrium fills with newly oxygenated blood returning from the lungs when the atria are relaxed. When the atria contract, they push the blood through valves into the relaxed ventricles. When the ventricles contract, the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the body. This continuous cycle of contractions is driven by the nervous system.

PRAC Text p97



In this investigation, the external and internal structures of a sheep’s heart was examined and identified by dissection. The heart is a muscle that pumps oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body. A sheep’s heart has four chambers like most mammals. Two of those chambers are receiving chambers called the right and left atrium. The other two chambers are pumping chambers called the right and left ventricle.



The efficiency in the cycle of blood depends on the sequential contraction of the atriums and ventricles. Whenever the atriums contract this is called the systolic phase and whenever the ventricles contract this is called the diastolic phase. These contractions ensure the regular flow of blood through the heart. The contractions occur one after another to make a heartbeat. The many valves such as the tricuspid and mitral valves control the flow of blood from each chamber.



Blood flow through the heart starts when the right atrium takes the blood that flows in through the superior or inferior vena cava. The right atrium then fills with blood and pressure causes tricuspid valve to open. The blood then goes into the right ventricle where it contracts the blood into the pulmonary arteries. These arteries lead to the lungs where blood is then oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Due to pressure the mitral valve, which leads to the left ventricle, opens up and pushes the blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then contracts and forces the blood through the aorta, which provides the rest of the body with blood.




 * Write a full prac report, including pictures of your dissection and a labelled diagram of a sheep's heart.
 * It forms part of your assessment for this topic.
 * Include the following marking matrix on the last page of your report.
 * Use it as a guide to achieving great grades in your prac reports.
 * [[file:prac marking_selfdirected2.xls]]
 * Submit this report onto SIMON for marking.

If your are not doing the dissection.
You must make a glogster on one blood disease. You must find the following information to include:
 * The name of the disease
 * How you get the disease
 * How the disease is treated
 * What the symptoms of the disease are
 * What the life expectancy of people with the disease are
 * Pictures of the disease if relevant
 * What the disease actually does to the blood.

Submit this to simon (as a link to the glogster)

THe following web site might be helpful: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/blood/index.htm

Heart Rap Song
Activity p99 Text

Lesson 5: Respiratory system
//Source: Macmillan Sci Essentials 8//

1. Sit still and quietly for 3 minutes, then count and then record the number of breaths you take while you time 1 minute. 2. Walk briskly round the classroom three times and then count and record the number of breaths you take in 1 minute while still walking. 3. Do more vigorous form of exercise (e.g. star jumps, running). After 1 minute, count and record the number of breaths taken in 1 further minute while exercising.



Discuss:
 * Why does more vigorous exercise results in a higher breathing rate?
 * What else could increase the amount of oxygen reaching the muscles?
 * What else do muscles need?

Complete this sentence // The difference between breathing and respiration — respiration occurs in the cell and its purpose is to release energy; the water and carbon dioxide we breathe out are by-products of respiration. Breathing is how... (complete this sentence). //

Label the diagram of the respiratory system (SIMON)

Lung Capacity vs. Height - I think I have a theory :).... time to test it Record lung capacity of students from your class on the board.
 * Compare this to their height. Graph this information as a scatter graph.
 * Can you see a relationship?
 * What other factors might affect lung capacity?

Research All about lungs.
 * How do you breathe?... really. Write a 100 words.
 * What diseases affect our lungs and how can they be treated?
 * What environmental factors can affect our lungs and can they be treated? (E.g. asbestos).
 * Checklist on what to do to keep our lungs healthy.

= Breathing = //Complete the sentences and find a picture for each row.//

**Writing Task 1:**
 * // Explanation // ||  // Organ //  ||  // Specialised features picture //  ||
 * * What happens: Dust and germs that are in the air are cleaned by the nose before it enters the lungs.
 * How it works: cilia, which are smal hairs along the nasal passages, trap these particles, which are then collected in mucus and removed by sneezing.
 * Why it is important: the lungs are very sensitive and the warm moist environment there would otherwise be easily infected by bacteria or fungi. || Nose  ||  Cleaning: cilia, mucus,  [[image:nosehairs.jpeg]] [[image:cilia.jpeg]] [[image:sneeze.jpeg]] ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Nose  ||  Moistening: nasal passages  ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Pharynx  ||  Where nasal passages and mouth join (throat).  ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Epiglottis  ||  Flap of tissue separating wind pipe and oesophagus.  ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Vocal chords  ||  Muscular bands below epiglottis.  ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Trachea  ||  Cartilaginous rings surrounding wind pipe.  ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Bronchi and bronchioles.  ||  Cartilage lined tubes leading to alveoli in each lung.  ||
 * * What happens:
 * How it works:
 * Why it is important: || Alveoli  ||  Lung sacks where gas exchange actually happens.  ||
 * Use these key words to write 5 sentences about breathing: diaphragm, inhale, exhale, rib cage, breathing rate.
 * Place the sentences into your keynote under the heading of respiratory system.

**Writing Task 2:** Rearrange these paragraphs of information so that they are in the correct order. Place them into your keynote.


 * Dust and bacteria become trapped in the mucus lining the nasal passages.
 * The end of the Trachea splits into two tubes called Bronchi. One bronchi leads to each lung. Each bronchi branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. They continue to branch until they end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.
 * Once air passed the pharynx it moves into the larynx, which is often called the Adam’s apple. It is a chamber surrounded by a firm, flexible material called cartilage. In the larynx there are two elastic ridges that are able to vibrate and produce sounds. These are called vocal chords. Vocal chords relax to produce low sounds and tighten to produce high sounds.
 * Air passes through the trachea. The trachea is held open by rings of cartilage that look similar to a vacuum cleaner tube. The inside of the trachea is covered in microscopic hairs that work like an escalator to carry dust, bacteria and mucous away from the lungs and up toward the throat. These hairs are called cilia.
 * Air enters the body through the nose and the mouth. It is warmed and becomes moist in the nose.
 * Alveoli allow gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) to diffuse (move) in and out of their thin walls into capillaries then into the blood.
 * From here air passes into the Pharynx, which is a cavity in the back of the throat connecting the nose and mouth to the oesophagus. Air doesn’t enter the oesophagus and food doesn’t enter the lungs because a small flap of tissue called the epiglottis covers the top of the trachea (or windpipe).

**Writing Task 3:**
 * Find a picture of an alveoli, that is labelled, and copy and paste it into your keynote.
 * Explain what diffusion is.

Use a plastic bottle, a tube and a bowl of water. media type="youtube" key="KMWVRq8wHmc?version=3" height="480" width="640"
 * Prac Task: Measuring Lung Capacity **

Lesson 6: Test
Why is the wind pipe surrounded by trachea but the oesophagus is not?