Plant+and+animal+systems

This unit is about biological systems that maintain life in organisms. We start off by looking at photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis is the name for the complex reaction which plants use to turn energy from the sun into sugars. This sugar provides not only energy for plants to grow, but also to the animals which eat them. Following the path of the sugar molecule from plant to animal we then look at the digestive system of animals. The digestive system breaks down food into parts that animal cells need in order to live and reproduce. It takes sugar from the gut and transports it through the blood stream to the cells that need it, or store it for later use. We look at how cells turn the sugar into energy in a reaction called respiration. The respiratory system (nose, mouth, throat, lungs) provide oxygen to the cells to burn the sugar and transport the carbon dioxide it produces away. The circulatory system transports these gases, as well as food and waste products to and from the cells. The blood is constantly cleaned by the excretory system as it expels waste from the body.
 * **Plant and Animal Systems**

So it really is a chain of events. All related. All special. All essential to life.


 * 1) Photosynthesis
 * 2) Respiration
 * 3) Digestion system
 * 4) Respiration system
 * 5) Circulatory system
 * 6) Excretory system

We will look at each in turn, before beginning an assignment on a disease which affects one of these systems. HW Task - Find out 5 interesting things about a disease which affects one of these systems. Write what you have found in the discussion tab (top of the page). It will appear below. include component="comments" page="Plant and animal systems" limit="5"

Ever wondered how much energy there is in sugar. Some say there is enough energy in a teaspoon of sugar to make a small bomb. Your body has a complex series of reactions which make that release happen slowly... If not for that drinking a can of coke would be really interesting! Here is an story about a sugar factory that exploded: And now here is an experiment which shows the energy in sugar in a science lab. Youtube video. media type="youtube" key="dDquwNRzO8w?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

Now that you understand why sugar is such a great and important source of energy, it is time to find out how it is produced. To do this you first need to understand that plants are living things. Watch this video.

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Photosynthesis prac / demonstration: Isolating Chlorophyll and Testing for Starch


Plants produce sugar using energy from the sun using a process called photosynthesis. Spell it. Know it. Say it. media type="youtube" key="Wi60tQa8jfE?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

and once again media type="youtube" key="C1_uez5WX1o?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

Can you make a rap like these students? See if you can pick the errors... try and make yours without any :)

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To make sure you do not make a mistake check-out the formula for photosynthesis Can you draw a GLUCOSE molecule? Can you see chloroplasts under a light microscope?

This picture is not too bad... but how could you make it better. Think of what you know. Discuss with the person next to you how you could improve it.

Make a one page poster in your notes showing how photosynthesis works, include the following words and pictures for each...
 * sunlight
 * oxygen
 * carbon dioxide
 * water
 * sugar

Example of good student work:



Bonus points if you can show how the carbon dioxide we breathe out is converted by plants to oxygen and how we breathe that in. Impress me!

Test your knowledge in a fun way here [|Illuminating Photosynthesis] (155K) Requires [|Flash]

Alternative Photosynthesis Pracs...
In this prac you will investigate the effects of different variables on the growth of some seeds. The different variables will be water vs no water, fertilizer vs no fertilizer and light vs no light. You will need to care for your seed and water it each day (if it is one of the seeds which needs water). You will also need to take pictures and make observations about your plant each day. You can record all this information in the following pages document.

The **materials** you will need are: Seeds (bean seeds will work), two polystyrene cups, soil, fertilizer, cotton wool, water and your mac books. virtual frog dissection

The digestive system
Your body needs many things to survive. Some of these can be obtained by drinking and eating. Here are the things we can get from food with the help of our digestive system. Summarise each into one sentence. Can you do this? Copy your 4 sentences into your keynote. Find a picture that goes with each of these.

**Protein.** Foods such as meat, eggs, and beans consist of giant molecules of protein that must be digested by enzymes before they can be used to build and repair body tissues. An enzyme in the juice of the stomach starts the digestion of swallowed protein. Then in the small intestine, several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and the lining of the intestine complete the breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called amino acids. These small molecules can be absorbed through the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body to build the walls and other parts of cells.


 * Carbohydrates. ** Foods such as bread, pasta and potatoes contain carbohydrates. These are broken down in the body into simple sugars, such as glucose. Glucose is broken down in the cells to release the energy stored within it. This process is called respiration.

**Fats.** Fat molecules are a rich source of energy for the body. The first step in digestion of a fat such as butter is to dissolve it into the watery content of the intestine. The bile acids produced by the liver dissolve fat into tiny droplets and allow pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller ones. Some of these small molecules are fatty acids and cholesterol. The bile acids combine with the fatty acids and cholesterol and help these molecules move into the cells of the mucosa. In these cells the small molecules are formed back into large ones, most of which pass into vessels called lymphatics near the intestine. These small vessels carry the reformed fat to the veins of the chest, and the blood carries the fat to storage depots in different parts of the body.

**Vitamins.** Another vital part of food that is absorbed through the small intestine are vitamins. The two types of vitamins are classified by the fluid in which they can be dissolved: water-soluble vitamins (all the B vitamins and vitamin C) and fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissue of the body, whereas water-soluble vitamins are not easily stored and excess amounts are flushed out in the urine.

**Water and salt.** Most of the material absorbed through the small intestine is water in which salt is dissolved. The salt and water come from the food and liquid you swallow and the juices secreted by the many digestive glands.

Go to the following link for a virtual tour of the digestive system

Copy and paste this picture into your keynote

Notes:
Begin Keynote on digestive system using diagram on p 70 as a guide One slide per step For each step write
 * 1) name as heading
 * 2) text describing what happens at this step
 * 3) find a diagram showing this stage of the digestive system
 * 4) write a science fact for this step

Activity: Drinkng water upside down. Work in partners. Have someone support your legs. It can take some practise, but its fun. Get your partner to take a photo of yourself. Paste this into your notes. Can you explain why you can do this? How would this be useful in space?



__Dissection / Specimen__
Look at the digestive system of a mammal.

Observe, discuss Extrapolate to humans Relate to diet

Notes: The digestive systems of animals reflect their diet. Herbivores have special chambers to grow bacteria which digest cellulose. In humans the appendix is a remnant of a time when we had a diet that included more plants and less meat. In herbivores it is highly developed. The animals feed the bacteria with plant material and then digest the bacteria themselves as a source of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins.

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Find : A diagram of a cow's or sheep's stomach. How many chambers does it have? Is it really a stomach?

Notes : A hydra is a small jellyfish like animal. It paralyses its prey with stings and then passes it to the mouth. Once digested the wastes are passed out the same opening. Sometimes it is good to be human. :)

Find : a picture of the crop in a bird. Research :
 * 1) What is the crop for?
 * 2) How does a crop help a bird to digest?
 * 3) Why do birds have crops when no other animal does?

OTY Questions: p.72 (finish for HW. email to teacher)

= Circulatory system = The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels. It is the system which transports blood around your body.

❑ what do you know? ❑ copy pictures and complete sentences ❑ Write a story as a blood cell as it travels through the body ❑ make a keynote animation about your story ❑ finish this for homework

Copy the pictures and sentences below into your keynote and then fill in the gaps using the following words: **thick, thin, capillaries, arteries, veins, high, low, oxygenated, deoxygenated.**

=== walled take the blood away from the heart under  pressure to your whole body. This is --- blood and is red. These branch off into small vessels called __.__ These vessels have very --- walls which allow nutrients to pass through them. --- then carry the -- blood back to the heart so it can be pumped into the lungs and become - again.===

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Circulatory systems in other organisms:
Find out the answers to these questions then share them with the class
 * 1) What is the difference between the walls of arteries and veins.
 * 2) What is the difference between red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma?
 * 3) True / False: The blood in unborn babies does not go through their lungs. Who discovered this?
 * 4) How many hearts do earthworms have?
 * 5) Do spiders have red blood cells?
 * 6) How is water transported in plants?
 * 7) What is the name of the vessels which transport sugar in plants?

HW
 * OTY p 76
 * What is your slowest heart beat? Your fastest? When was this?

= = =** Respiratory system ** = The Respiratory system is responsible receiving and carrying oxygen to all the cells around your body and also removing the carbon dioxide from your cells. It is comprised of the mouth and nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, alveoli (in the lungs) and the blood. See the diagram below.



** Lung capacity prac **
how to build your lung capacity



Prac report [[file:lung capacity prac.pages]]
What factors might have affected lung volume? Lung volumes: wikipedia Children in mining towns losing lung capacity: ABC News
 * age?
 * gender?
 * body size?
 * fitness?
 * what does the data suggest?

= Disease assignment = Research a body system studied in this unit and a disease that affects it.
 * 1) Digestion system
 * 2) Respiration system
 * 3) Circulatory system
 * 4) Excretory system

Step 1 Mini Poster - Organ Info Before you start it is important that you understand why these organs are important and how we can keep it healthy.
 * find 5 facts about what the organ does for the body
 * e.g. for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
 * Look up "Bowel" in wikipedia
 * Google "Bowel facts"
 * Google "Bowel purpose"
 * find 5 other diseases that affect the organ and what they do to it
 * e.g. for Irritable Bowel Syndrome...
 * Look up "Bowel diseases" in wikipedia
 * Google "Bowel diseases"
 * Google "Bowel disease facts"
 * Put these into your own words
 * Write them onto a coloured piece of paper in the shape of the organ that you are studying. Your work will be displayed on the classroom noticeboards.

Step 2 Disease Keynote __Resources__: textbook, wiki, wikipedia, internet, library books [|Google search tips] __Format__: Keynote... or if you would like to use another medium, such as Poster paper, PREZI, or GLOGSTER... ask your teacher __Time__: 2 - 3 periods
 * 1) Slide 1: Write the common __name__ and the scientific name of the disease as a heading.
 * 2) Slide 2: Identify the __organ__ and body __system__that is normally affected by this disease.
 * include a labelled __diagram__ of the body system that is affected
 * 1) One slide for each of the following points (50 word explanation and a labelled picture)
 * __Purpose__: what the organ normally does in the body
 * __Contribution__: how the organ contributes to the body system it is a part of and what that does for the body.
 * __Effect__: how the disease affects the organ or system and what affect this has on the person with the disease.
 * __Who__: what people are more likely to be affected by this disease and whether there are any actions that can be taken to avoid catching the disease.
 * __Action__: how can the disease be treated or the condition of the affected person improved?
 * __Research__: what are scientists finding out about the disease that might be helpful?